At one St. The American Psychological Association created the APA citation style in as a way to help psychologists, anthropologists, and even business managers establish one common way to cite sources and present content. By creating citations, students are compelled to make connections between their sources and discern research patterns. Type the author of citing sources in essay essay's last name first, followed by a comma. Universities use plagiarism checking software to scan your paper and identify any similarities to other texts, citing sources in essay. For example, To the Lighthouse would be shortened to Lighthouse.
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Last Updated: June 18, References. This article was co-authored by Diya Chaudhuri, PhD and by wikiHow staff writer, Jennifer Mueller, JD. Diya Chaudhuri holds a PhD in Creative Writing specializing in Poetry from Georgia State University. She has over 5 years of experience as a writing tutor and instructor for both the University of Florida and Georgia State University. There are 8 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been viewedtimes. If you're writing a research paper, whether as a student or a professional researcher, you might want to use an essay as a source.
You'll typically find essays published in another source, such as an edited book or collection. When you discuss or quote from the essay in your paper, use an in-text citation to relate back to the full entry listed in your list of references at the end of your paper. While the information in the full reference entry is basically the same, the format differs depending on whether you're using the Modern Language Association MLAAmerican Psychological Association APAor Chicago citation method. LastName, FirstName. LastName, I. Title of essay. LastName Ed. Location: Publisher, citing sources in essay, Year. Tip: If you use the Chicago author-date citing sources in essay for in-text citation, use the same in-text citation method as APA style.
Support wikiHow by unlocking this staff-researched answer. For more advice from our Creative Writing reviewer, including how to cite an essay in APA or Chicago Style, keep reading. Did this summary help citing sources in essay Yes No. Log in Social login does not work in incognito citing sources in essay private browsers. Please log in with your username or email to continue. wikiHow Account. No account yet? Create an account. Community Dashboard Write an Article Request a New Article More Ideas Edit this Article. Courses New Tech Help Pro New Expert Videos About wikiHow Pro Upgrade Sign In. Home Random Browse Articles Courses New About wikiHow Easy Ways to Help Approve Questions Fix Spelling Quiz App More Things to Try We use cookies to make wikiHow great.
By using our site, citing sources in essay, you agree to our cookie policy. Cookie Settings. wikiHow is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together. Learn why people trust wikiHow. Categories Education and Communications College University and Postgraduate Academic Writing Essays How to Cite an Essay. Download Citing sources in essay Explore this Article methods. Related Articles, citing sources in essay. Article Summary. Co-authored by Diya Chaudhuri, PhD and Jennifer Mueller, JD Last Updated: June 18, References.
Method 1. All rights reserved. wikiHow, citing sources in essay, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U. and international copyright laws. This image may not be used by other entities without citing sources in essay express written consent of wikiHow, Inc. Start your Works Cited entry with the author of the essay. Type the last name of the author of the essay first, followed by a comma. Then, type the first name of the author of the essay, followed by a period. List the title citing sources in essay the essay in quotation marks. After the author's name, type the title of the essay in title case, capitalizing the first word and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs in the title.
Place a period at the end of the title, inside the closing quotation marks. Provide the title and authors or editors of the larger work. Type the title of the larger work in italics, also using title case. Add a comma after the title followed by the word "by" and the author's name in first name-last name format. Place a comma after the author's name. Add publication information for the larger work. Type the name of the publisher after the author's last name, followed by a comma. Then, add the year the work was published, also followed by a comma. Example: Potter, Harry. Include the page numbers where the essay is found. Because the essay is part of the larger work and your Works Cited entry cites only that essay, tell your readers where they can find it in the larger work.
Type the abbreviation "pp. Place a period at the end of the final page number. MLA Works Cited Entry Format: LastName, FirstName. Use the author's last name and the page number for in-text citations. If you include the author's name in the text of your paper, you only need the page number where the referenced material can be found in the parenthetical at the end of your sentence. If you have several authors with the same last name, include each author's first initial in your in-text citation to differentiate them. For several titles by citing sources in essay same author, include a shortened version of the title after the author's name if the title isn't mentioned in your text.
Method 2. Place the author's name first in your Reference List entry. Type the author of the essay's last name first, citing sources in essay, followed by a comma. Then type the first initial of the author's first name. If the author's middle initial or name is included in the original source, add the middle initial after the first. Add the year the larger work was published. Type the year the larger work was published in parentheses after the name of the author. Place a period at the end, outside the closing parenthesis. Include the title of the essay. Type the title of the essay in sentence case, capitalizing only the first word and any proper nouns in the title. If the essay has a subtitle, type a colon at the end of the title and then type the subtitle, also in sentence case.
Place a period at the end. Adventures in time turning. Provide the author and title of the larger work. Add the word "In," then type the first initial and last name of the author or editor of the larger work. If the person named is an editor, add the abbreviation "Ed. Add a comma, then type the title of the larger work in sentence case. Don't include any punctuation at the end of the title. McGonagall Ed. List the page range for the essay and the publisher of the larger work. Type a space after the title of the larger work, citing sources in essay, then type the page range where the essay appears in the larger work, enclosed citing sources in essay parentheses.
Use the abbreviation "pp. Close your Reference List entry with the name of the publisher, followed by a period. Hogwarts Press. APA Reference List Entry Format: LastName, I. Use the author's last name and year of publication for in-text citations. APA style uses the author-date system for in-text citations. Type the last name of the author in parentheses, followed by a comma, then type the year of publication. A full parenthetical citation with the author and year goes at the end of any sentence that references the source, inside the closing punctuation for that sentence, citing sources in essay.
If you use the author's name in the text of your paper, include the parenthetical with the year immediately after the author's name. For example, you might write: Although technically against the rules, Granger maintains that her use of a time turner was sanctioned by the head of her house.
the open window essay
Table of contents When do you need to cite sources? Which citation style should you use? In-text citations and full references Checking your citations Frequently asked questions about citing sources. Citations are required in all types of academic texts such as essays , research papers , and dissertations. Every time you draw on ideas, summarize information, mention arguments, or give examples that you found in a source, you need to cite it. Whether you quote or paraphrase, you must always include a citation in order to avoid plagiarism. Citing also allows your reader to find the original source for themselves, which makes your writing more credible. That includes things like websites, YouTube videos , dictionaries, lectures , and social media posts.
Many university departments and academic journals require a specific citation style , so first check the guidelines. If no citation style is specified, you need to choose one and use it consistently throughout your paper. The best choice depends on your field and discipline. APA is the most common style in the social sciences, while MLA is the most common style in the humanities. Other disciplines, like medicine or engineering, often have their own specific styles. You can check with your instructor or read other papers in your field to see what style they use. Some styles cite using footnotes , endnotes, or bracketed numbers that match reference entries.
APA in-text citations MLA in-text citations Chicago in-text citations. References are usually listed at the end of the paper on a page called References , Works Cited , or Bibliography. Full references always include the author, title, and publication date of the source. They also include other information that helps identify the source. The exact format of a reference depends on the type of source. For example, a book reference includes the publisher and sometimes the edition, while a journal article reference includes volume and issue numbers and the page range where the article appears. See examples of references for common source types below. Book Journal article Website Newspaper article Wikipedia YouTube video Interview Lecture Image. Because each style has many small differences regarding things like italicization, capitalization, and punctuation, it can be difficult to get every detail right.
The easiest option is to use a citation generator. You can use a URL or DOI or input the source details manually, and the generator will automatically produce an in-text citation and reference entry in the correct format. APA Citation Generator MLA Citation Generator. Universities use plagiarism checking software to scan your paper and identify any similarities to other texts. You can avoid this by using a plagiarism checker yourself before you submit the paper. Knowing how to organize your paper before you start writing will ensure that you do not receive a low grade for something as trivial as forgetting a hanging indent.
Collecting outside sources that support your research and specific topic is a critical step in writing an effective paper. But before you run to the library and grab the first 20 books you can lay your hands on, keep in mind that selecting a source to include in your paper should not be taken lightly. Before you proceed with using it to backup your ideas, run a quick Internet search for it and see if other scholars in your field have written about it as well. Check to see if there are book reviews about it or peer accolades.
If you spot something that seems off to you, you may want to consider leaving it out of your work. Doing this before your start making citations can save you a ton of time in the long run. Finished with your paper? It may be time to run it through a grammar and plagiarism checker , like the one offered by EasyBib Plus. Upload a paper to check for plagiarism against billions of sources and get advanced writing suggestions for clarity and style. Get Started. Certain features require a modern browser to function. Please use a different browser, like Firefox , Chrome , or Safari. Examples App Blog Post Book Book Chapter Book Cover Book Title Case Study Conference Paper Comic Book Database Dictionary Documentary eBook Email Encyclopedia Essay.
Google Images Instagram Interview Journal Kindle Book Lecture Meme Memorial Inscription Magazine Movie Museum Exhibit Musical Newspaper Painting or Artwork Pamphlet. Photo Play Podcast Poem PowerPoint Presentation Reddit Report Sheet Music Song The Bible Thesis or Dissertation TV Show Tweet Website YouTube Video. Examples Blog Post Book Book Chapter Book Title Case Study Comic Book Conference Paper Database Dictionary Documentary eBook Encyclopedia Facebook Instagram. Interview Journal Kindle Book Lecture Magazine Meme Memorial Inscription Movie Museum Exhibit Musical Newspaper Painting or Artwork Pamphlet PDF. Photo Play Podcast PowerPoint Presentation Reddit Report Sheet Music Song The Bible Thesis or Dissertation TV Show Website YouTube Video. Examples App Blog Post Book Book Chapter Book Title Case Study Comic Book Database Dictionary Documentary eBook Encyclopedia Facebook Instagram.
Interview Journal Kindle Book Lecture Magazine Meme Memorial Inscription Movie Museum Exhibit Musical Newspaper Painting or Artwork Pamphlet Photo. Play Podcast PowerPoint Presentation Reddit Report Sheet Music Song The Bible Thesis or Dissertation TV Show Tweet Website YouTube Video. How useful was this post? Click on a star to rate it! We are sorry that this post was not useful for you! Let us improve this post! Tell us how we can improve this post? For example, the following sentence puts information about the author and work before the quotation:. You may also want to describe the author s if they are not famous, or if you have reason to believe your reader does not know them. You should say whether they are economic analysts, artists, physicists, etc.
If you do not know anything about the author, and cannot find any information, it is best to say where you found the source and why you believe it is credible and worth citing. For example,. If you have already introduced the author and work from which you are citing, and you are obviously referring to the same work, you probably don't need to mention them again. However, if you have cited other sources and then go back to one you had cited earlier, it is a good idea to mention at least the author's name again and the work if you have referred to more than one by this author to avoid confusion. Taking the exact words from an original source is called quoting. You should quote material when you believe the way the original author expresses an idea is the most effective means of communicating the point you want to make.
If you want to borrow an idea from an author, but do not need his or her exact words, you should try paraphrasing instead of quoting. Most of the time, paraphrasing and summarizing your sources is sufficient but remember that you still have to cite them! Most of the time, you can just identify a source and quote from it, as in the first example above. Sometimes, however, you will need to modify the words or format of the quotation in order to fit in your paper. Whenever you change the original words of your source, you must indicate that you have done so.
Otherwise, you would be claiming the original author used words that he or she did not use. But be careful not to change too many words! You could accidentally change the meaning of the quotation and falsely claim the author said something they did not. For example, let's say you want to quote from the following passage in an essay called "United Shareholders of America," by Jacob Weisberg:. When you quote, you generally want to be as concise as possible. Keep only the material that is strictly relevant to your own ideas. So here you would not want to quote the middle sentence, since it is repeated again in the more informative last sentence. However, just skipping it would not work -- the final sentence would not make sense without it.
So, you have to change the wording a little bit. In order to do so, you will need to use some editing symbols. Your quotation might end up looking like this:. The brackets around the word [money] indicate that you have substituted that word for other words the author used. To make a substitution this important, however, you had better be sure that [money] is what the final phrase meant -- if the author intentionally left it ambiguous, you would be significantly altering his meaning. That would make you guilty of fraudulent attribution. In this case, however, the paragraph following the one quoted explains that the author is referring to money, so it is okay.
As a general rule, it is okay to make minor grammatical and stylistic changes to make the quoted material fit in your paper, but it is not okay to significantly alter the structure of the material or its content. When you have "embedded quotes," or quotations within quotations, you should switch from the normal quotation marks "" to single quotation marks '' to show the difference. For example, if an original passage by John Archer reads:. The exact formatting requirements for long quotations differ depending on the citation style. In general, however, if you are quoting more than 3 lines of material, you should do the following:. A bibliography is a list of all of the sources you have used in the process of researching your work.
In general, a bibliography should include:.
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